Witches and Royalty in the Middle Ages: From Elizabeth Woodville to Queen Joan of Navarre

The Middle Ages, a period stretching roughly from the 5th to the late 15th century, was a time of profound social, political, and religious upheaval. Among its many fascinating aspects was the complex relationship between royalty—especially royal women—and the pervasive fear of witchcraft. Accusations of witchcraft were not merely the domain of marginalized peasants or outcasts; even queens and noblewomen could find themselves embroiled in suspicions that could threaten their lives and reigns. This article delves into the stories of prominent royal women such as Elizabeth Woodville and Queen Joan of Navarre, examining how the label of “witch” or “sorceress” was wielded in the corridors of medieval power.

The Context of Witchcraft Accusations in Medieval Europe

Before exploring individual cases, it is important to understand the cultural and religious backdrop of medieval Europe. The Church, particularly from the 12th century onward, increasingly condemned magic and sorcery as heretical and diabolical acts linked to the Devil. Witchcraft was viewed not just as superstition but as a real and present threat to Christian society.

During the late medieval period, fear of witches intensified, fueled by social anxieties, political rivalries, and the desire to control women who stepped outside traditional roles. The idea of a “witch” often overlapped with that of a woman who wielded influence in unconventional ways—through healing, prophecy, or political maneuvering.

Royal women, despite their elevated status, were not immune to these suspicions. Their influence in court, involvement in political intrigues, and occasional use of herbal remedies or charms could make them vulnerable targets for accusations—whether genuine or fabricated for political ends shutdown123